The Shiva Lingam: Symbol of the Infinite and Formless
Written and reviewed by The Kriya Yogi · Updated 20 May 2024
The Shiva Lingam is the primary object of worship in Shiva temples worldwide. Often misunderstood by those outside the tradition, the Lingam is a profound symbol of the formless, infinite reality (Brahman) and the union of the male and female principles of the universe. It represents the point of emergence for all creation.
The short answers
- Represented as an elliptical or cylindrical stone, often set in a circular base (Yoni).
- Symbolizes the 'Sign' or 'Mark' of the Divine (Lingam = mark).
- Represents the union of Shiva (consciousness) and Shakti (energy).
- The elliptical shape is said to mirror the shape of the galaxy and the atom.
- Worshipped through 'Abhishekam' (ritual bathing) with milk, water, and honey.
- Signifies that God is ultimately beyond name, form, and gender.
The Meaning of the Word
In Sanskrit, Lingam means 'mark,' 'sign,' or 'characteristic.' It is the mark of that which is otherwise invisible. Just as smoke is the mark of fire, the Lingam is the mark of the supreme consciousness that underlies all existence. It is not an idol of a person, but a symbol of a principle.
The Union of Shiva and Shakti
The Lingam usually sits within a base called the Yoni. While the Lingam represents the static, masculine principle of consciousness (Shiva), the Yoni represents the dynamic, feminine principle of energy and creation (Shakti). Their union is what brings the universe into being. This is a celebration of the interconnectedness of all dualities.
The Legend of the Jyotirlinga
One famous Puranic story tells of a dispute between Brahma and Vishnu about who was supreme. Suddenly, a massive pillar of fire (the Jyotirlinga) appeared between them. Neither could find its beginning or end, proving that the reality of Shiva was infinite and beyond their reach. The stone Lingams we see today are humble representations of that infinite pillar of light.
Ritual and Worship
The worship of the Lingam is centered on the act of pouring liquids over it, known as Abhishekam. This signifies the cooling of the fire of the ego and the purification of the mind. Devotees often offer Bilva leaves, which are particularly sacred to Shiva, as they represent the three qualities (gunas) being offered to the Divine.
Approaching it with care
Perform Mental Abhishekam
Visualize pouring pure water over a Lingam as a way to clear your thoughts.
Observe the Shape
Contemplate how the elliptical shape has no sharp corners, representing the infinite.
Respect the Sacredness
If you have a Lingam at home, keep it in a clean, elevated space.
Chant Near the Lingam
The stone of the Lingam is said to hold the vibration of mantras particularly well.
Cautions worth reading
- Avoid reducing the Lingam to purely sexual imagery; its meaning is metaphysical.
- Do not touch a consecrated Lingam in a temple unless permitted by the priest.
- Ensure that any ritual offerings are disposed of respectfully.
What scholars and evidence say
The Lingam has been a central feature of Indian worship since at least the time of the Harappan civilization, evolving into a sophisticated philosophical symbol in the Upanishads.
Questions people ask
+ What does the word Lingam mean?
+ Why is the Lingam shaped like a stone?
+ What is the Yoni?
+ Why do people pour milk on the Lingam?
+ Is the Lingam a symbol of Shiva's body?
Sources
- The Linga Purana
- Stella Kramrisch, 'The Presence of Siva'
- Alain Daniélou, 'The Phallus: Sacred Symbol of Male Creative Power' (for historical context)
These are living traditions, best approached with a teacher or community where possible. Nothing here is medical advice; check with a clinician before starting a new movement or meditation practice if you have a health condition.